India’s
cotton production for the 2026-27 season is estimated at 270-290.5 lakh bales
of 170 kg each, representing an expected decline of 18-20% from the previous
season. The second standing crop survey, based on discussions with 80 ginners,
traders, multinational companies and brokers across 10 cotton-growing states,
points to lower production prospects amid deficient rainfall, high temperatures
and uneven crop conditions.
State-wise
crop assessment
North
India: Cotton sowing is down 18%, although standing crop
conditions are generally good. Low soil moisture and high temperatures could
affect yields. Pressing is estimated at 28-30 lakh bales, close to last season.
Gujarat:
Crop conditions are relatively better than in several other states, but high
daytime temperatures could reduce yields. Local production is estimated at 56
lakh bales, around 12% lower than last year. Arrivals of 7-12 lakh bales of
kapas from other states could take total pressing to 62-70 lakh bales.
Maharashtra:
Sowing is at last year's level, but crop conditions vary sharply. Vidarbha and
Akola are expected to produce 50-53 lakh bales, while Khandesh could contribute
10-12 lakh bales. Marathwada faces severe crop stress, with losses estimated at
40-50% due to poor rainfall and high temperatures. Overall state production is
projected to be around 20% lower, with pressing estimated at 85-92 lakh bales.
Madhya
Pradesh: Sowing has increased 5%, and crop conditions are
currently good. Pressing is estimated at 17-18 lakh bales, broadly in line with
last season.
Telangana:
Sowing is up 5%, but crop conditions are mixed. Adilabad and Warangal are doing
well, while Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda have been affected by inadequate rainfall.
Production could decline 20% to 35-37 lakh bales.
Andhra
Pradesh: Poor rainfall over the past three months has severely
affected the crop. Production is expected to fall 35% to 13-14 lakh bales.
Karnataka:
Sowing is at last year's level, but poor rainfall is expected to reduce yields
sharply. Pressing could decline 30-35% to 19-20 lakh bales.
Tamil
Nadu: Sowing is expected to take place after Diwali, with
production estimated at 5 lakh bales.
Odisha: Sowing is down 15-20%, while excessive rainfall has further damaged crop prospects. Production is expected to decline 30% to 2-2.5 lakh bales.
All-India pressing estimates
| State | Minimum (Lakh Bales) | Maximum (Lakh Bales) |
| North India | 28 | 30 |
| Maharashtra | 85 | 92 |
| Gujarat | 62 | 70 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 17 | 18 |
| Telangana | 35 | 37 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 13 | 14 |
| Karnataka | 19 | 20 |
| Odisha | 2 | 2.5 |
| Tamil Nadu | 5 | 5 |
| Other | 2 | 2 |
| Total | 270 | 290.5 |
Weather
remains critical
Deficient
rainfall during June-October, attributed to El Niño conditions, has reduced
soil moisture and water availability for the later pickings. The next 20-30
days will be critical in determining the final crop size.
Rainfall
of 3-4 inches over the next 10-15 days could add 10-15 lakh bales to
production. However, excessive rainfall of 5-10 inches in any state could
damage standing crops.
The
final cotton crop survey is scheduled for November 15, 2026.
Deficient rainfall during June-October, attributed to El Niño conditions, has reduced soil moisture and water availability for the later pickings. The next 20-30 days will be critical in determining the final crop size. Rainfall of 3-4 inches over the next 10-15 days could add 10-15 lakh bales to production. However, excessive rainfall of 5-10 inches in any state could damage standing crops. The final cotton crop survey is scheduled for November 15, 2026.
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